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Epidemiological evidence indicates that neuroinflammation pl
2021-11-04
Epidemiological evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis of AD (Heneka et al., 2015, Heneka et al., 2013, Holmes et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2016). For example, prolonged treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduces the risk of developing AD (In et
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br Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptide
2021-11-04
Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptides similar to glucagon Genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon and other secretin-like hormones have been identified in a number of vertebrate species (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et
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In a series of experiments
2021-11-04
In a series of experiments, the clotrimazole concentration was varied and the NSVDC channel conductances were calculated from Eq. (1) to obtain the dose-response relation (Fig. 3). The data were fitted to the Michaelis–Menten-type activation curve (Eq. (3)) and gave an EC50 value of 14 μM and a dose
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br Results br Discussion In this study we investigated
2021-11-04
Results Discussion In this study, we investigated the role of galanin and GAL2 receptors on anxiety-like behaviours mediated by the dorsal hippocampus of rats. We showed that locally administered galanin (1 nmol) decreased exploration of the open arms in the EPM, suggesting an anxiogenic-like
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br BA induced activation of
2021-11-04
BA-induced activation of TGR5 TGR5 is a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor for BAs and its activation is dependent on cAMP formation and further stimulation of protein kinase A [53], [31]. The receptor is expressed in the enterochromaffin cells, smooth muscles, immune cells and more import
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haspin inhibitor br Introduction Farnesoid X receptor FXR is
2021-11-04
Introduction Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile haspin inhibitor regulated nuclear receptor highly expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney and adrenal glands in rodents.1, 2, 3, 4 FXR regulates transport proteins, the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and the organic solute transporter α (OSTα) t
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Recently a lot of synthetic FFA agonists containing acidic m
2021-11-04
Recently, a lot of synthetic FFA1 agonists containing acidic moieties have been reported (Fig. 1) [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Notably, most of FFA1 agonists usually have the common biphenyl scaffold, which resulted in a relative deprivation in structure types of agonists [2
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Another property shared between Hat p and
2021-11-04
Another property shared between Hat1p and Rtt109p is a transient or substoichiometric interaction with Asf1p. Asf1p is necessary for the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 by Rtt109p. However, they do not appear to form a stable complex [22], [24], [27], [84], [90]. Surprisingly, the original type
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br Introduction Chronic hepatitis C CHC
2021-11-03
Introduction Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 170 million individuals worldwide [1]. HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have similar routes of transmission, including blood-to-blood contact, sharing of injection equipment, and sex
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One of the possibilities of HO
2021-11-03
One of the possibilities of HO-1 targeting is gene therapy. So far, the majority of preclinical studies have focused on recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors as DNA carriers. They not only provide stable, long-term transgene expression in non-dividing Lubiprostone but also have very limi
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HCV NS A inhibits induction of the type I interferon
2021-11-03
HCV NS3/4A inhibits induction of the type I interferon response by cleaving MAVS from the mitochondrial surface (Li et al., 2005b). MAVS is cleaved at cysteine 508, and GSK2656157 of cysteine 508 to arginine (C508R) abrogates cleavage (Li et al., 2005b). GBV-B and the related canine hepatitis virus
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GSTP is a class Glutathione S transferase GST enzyme involve
2021-11-03
GSTP1 is a π-class Glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) enzyme involved in tumor suppression by protecting Letrozole receptor against genomic damage mediated by various oxidants. Although the loss of GSTP1 function by hypermethylation has been reported as a common epigenetic alteration in prostate carc
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Targeting MCTs is likely to have dramatic effects
2021-11-03
Targeting MCTs is likely to have dramatic effects on lactate-dependent metabolic symbiosis described in the previous paragraphs. A plethora of MCT inhibitors have been described, including α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) [59], organomercurials [60], stilbene disulfonates [60], and other second-gene
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GW was also the starting point for a study by
2021-11-03
GW4064 was also the starting point for a study by an independent research group. The co-crystal structure of GW4064 with FXR suggested the potential for favorable hydrogen bond interactions between the isoxazole 3-aryl group and several receptor residues such as Tyr373 and Ser336. Replacing the 2,6-
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Cichlasoma dimerus as most teleost fish
2021-11-03
Cichlasoma dimerus, as most teleost fish species, present neurons expressing GnRH3 (Pandolfi et al., 2005). As in most bapta species, the neurons expressing GnRH3 are mainly located in the NOR, although few neurons were detected in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon and the POA (González-Mar
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