• Ion dependence of mGluRs activity has been previously report

  2022-03-31

  

  Ion dependence of mGluRs activity has been previously reported, notably to Ca2+ and Cl− (Kuang and Hampson, 2006). While mGlu1 and mGlu3 receptors were demonstrated to be sensitive to Ca2+, Cl− modulation was reported for all mGluRs, with a lesser extent for the mGlu2 receptor (DiRaddo et al., 2014;

• Cy3 carboxylic acid (non-sulfonated) ICH induced striatal le

  2022-03-31

  

  ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino Cy3 carboxylic acid (non-sulfonated) transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity

• Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise

  2022-03-31

  

  Introduction Human pathogenic Leishmania protozoa comprise 20 different species that are distributed throughout the world and cause the disease leishmaniasis [1]. Transmission primarily occurs through the bite of a female sand fly and clinical manifestations of the disease span from cutaneous lesio

• br Do the actions of GLP R agonists on the

  2022-03-30

  

  Do the actions of GLP-1R agonists on the vascular endothelium account for GLP-1R agonist-mediated cardioprotection? The previous section highlighted the recent clinical evidence from cardiovascular outcomes studies supporting the notion that GLP-1R agonists confer cardioprotective actions in pati

• Underlying this study is the hypothesized

  2022-03-30

  

  Underlying this study is the hypothesized importance of insulin and glucose metabolism on bone. In our investigation of GIP and GIPR gene polymorphisms in relation to bone phenotypes in young and old women our findings depict a complex relationship between glucose metabolism genes and bone. In the c

• Some other neuroinflammatory neuroendocrine and

  2022-03-30

  

  Some other neuroinflammatory, neuroendocrine, and neurotrophic pathway but not the ghrelin/GHSR pathway may mediate the CUMS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaivors. The endogeous ghrelin/GHSR pathway activated by chronic mild stress may plays a role in homeostasis. With respect to the mechan

• The general aim of our in vitro experiments

  2022-03-30

  

  The general aim of our in vitro experiments was to analyze the patterns of ghrelin and GHSR-1a expression in the mammary glands of dairy goats during pregnancy and to examine the direct effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation in cultured MECs of pregnant dairy goats. For this purpose, we cultured go

• br Discussion The model of a NVU

  2022-03-30

  

  Discussion The model of a NVU described by Mathias et al. (2018) has been implemented on the macro scale (see Kenny et al. (2018b)) via a 2D cerebral tissue slice coupled to a vascular tree. In particular, further communication within the tissue slice has been implemented via extracellular ion el

• Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine Cellular inhibition is ca

  2022-03-30

  

  Cellular inhibition is caused by the hyperpolarization of the cell and is mediated by both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs. Synaptic GABAARs are sensitive to high concentrations of GABA released at the synapse and mediate phasic inhibition. In contrast, extrasynaptic GABAARs mediate tonic inhibit

• Ionotropic aminobutyric acid GABA receptors GABARs belong to

  2022-03-30

  

  Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric orphan receptor (GABA) receptors (GABARs) belong to the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) superfamily and play an important role in the rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in nervous systems of both vertebrate and invertebrate (Buckingham et al., 2005). Insect io

• A majority of aptamer based biosensors

  2022-03-30

  

  A majority of aptamer-based biosensors (termed aptasensors) is based on structure-switching process of aptamer probes upon target binding [[12], [13], [14], [15]]. And canonical structure-switching aptamer probes are strand-displacement aptamer probes, aptamer beacons and split aptamers [[16], [17],

• br FXR expression in normal intestine and cancer Of note

  2022-03-30

  

  FXR Zaragozic Acid A in normal intestine and cancer Of note, there are several question marks about FXR post-translational modifications (such as acetylation or SUMOylation) and their involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory disease (Balasubramaniyan et al., 2013, Kemper et 

• BDNF is intricately implicated in energy homeostasis

  2022-03-30

  

  BDNF is intricately implicated in energy homeostasis (Hamdouchi et al., 2016; Schwartz and Mobbs, 2012), regulation of mood (Sartorius et al., 2015) and adult neurogenesis (Taliaz et al., 2010; Waterhouse et al., 2012), our primary focus was to evaluate the effects of GPR40 stimulation on BDNF expre

• br Acknowledgements This work was in part supported

  2022-03-30

  

  Acknowledgements This work was in part supported by the FöFoLe program by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (to T.S.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) CO 291/5-2, the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) RGP0013, the Helmholtz Validation Funds (Helmholtz Association of German Rese

• Erythropoiesis involves the proliferation and differentiatio

  2022-03-30

  

  Erythropoiesis involves the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem transketolase to mature RBCs. This process is a tightly-regulated to adjust rates of RBC production based on physiologic need. Fas-mediated apoptosis is one mechanism that controls erythropoiesis. The role of Fas-sig

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