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Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and
2021-12-15
Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu
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Morin is a flavonoid that has
2021-12-15
Morin is a flavonoid that has shown to have effective anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor function [118]. Morin was able to block the activation of NF-κB pathway by ROS and inflammatory cytokines, preventing a signaling cascade resulting in cell death [121]. Morin exerted its control over the signaling
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br Introduction Methylglyoxal MG is a highly
2021-12-15
Introduction Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite formed in cells mainly by the spontaneous degradation of triose phosphates, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (Rabbani and Thornalley, 2012). It exists in a wide range of organisms, including proto
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The standard model of stress
2021-12-15
The standard model of stress postulates the activation of both the sympathoadrenomedullary axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Long-term activation of either neuroendocrine axes has been shown to be harmful [12]. Short-term activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary axis is used t
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Ethanol decreased the value of desensitization for GluR
2021-12-15
Ethanol decreased the τ-value of desensitization for GluR-Di. Coexpression of stargazin or γ4 further increased the effect of ethanol on desensitization (Fig. 3A, B). The highest ethanol concentration tested (200mM) reduced the τ-value by 16.5±4.9% (n=5) in the control receptors and by 29.3±9.3% (n=
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Ketamine has recently been found to exert rapid and sustaine
2021-12-15
Ketamine has recently been found to exert rapid and sustained antidepressant effect. Single dose ketamine can have an efficacy of up to 1 week [20]. Furthermore, ketamine is an effective drug against refractory depression [21,22]. The antidepressant mechanism of ketamine is still unclear. Whether CO
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Regulation of pancreatic and cell mass has been extensively
2021-12-15
Regulation of pancreatic α and β cell mass has been extensively studied and hotly debated, due to potential therapeutic implications. Early claims of Angptl8 as “betatrophin” and Angptl4 as a regulator of glucagon secretion and α cell proliferation (Yi et al., 2013, Ben-Zvi et al., 2015) have not s
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The general aim of our in vitro experiments
2021-12-15
The general aim of our in vitro experiments was to analyze the patterns of ghrelin and GHSR-1a expression in the mammary glands of dairy goats during pregnancy and to examine the direct effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation in cultured MECs of pregnant dairy goats. For this purpose, we cultured go
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br Introduction Calorie restriction CR in the absence of
2021-12-15
Introduction Calorie restriction (CR), in the absence of malnutrition, has beneficial effects on Cy3.5 NHS ester (non-sulfonated) receptor function, including reducing the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disease (Gräff et al., 2013), eliciting anti-depressant behavior (Lutter et al., 2
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Similarly Somavarapu and Kepp constructed a PS homology mode
2021-12-15
Similarly, Somavarapu and Kepp [29] constructed a PS1 homology model using 4HYG as a template, plus modeling the TM6-TM7 intracellular segment (amino acids 273 to 374). In this study, the authors considered for the first time the mature and immature (not autoproteolyzed) forms of PS1 component, sinc
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br Biologically active non peptide galanin receptor ligands
2021-12-15
Biologically active non-peptide galanin receptor ligands The first successful attempt in overcoming these weaknesses was undertaken by Saar et al. (2002). Screening of galanin sequence established that Trp-2, Asn-5, Tyr-9 were pharmacophores, responsible for biochemical action of the peptide. Bas
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br Materials and methods br Results
2021-12-15
Materials and methods Results Bgal from Alteromonas sp. ML117 had an open reading frame of 3126 bp encoding 1042 amino AMN107 residues with a predicted mass of 120 kDa and a theoretical pI (isoelectric point) of 5.44. The recombinant Bgal contained a His tag, as well as other additional amino
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Integrin engagement triggers activation of several
2021-12-14
Integrin engagement triggers activation of several signaling pathway including Fak, which is recognized as the key signal transduction factor in the integrin signaling pathway that functions by activating downstream signaling in focal adhesion plaques. Whether changes in integrin-FAK signaling pathw
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The site of paracetamol action
2021-12-14
The site of paracetamol action remains controversial. Some publications are in favor of a central action (Barrière et al., 2013, Dogrul et al., 2012, Mallet et al., 2010, Pickering et al., 2006), while others report a peripheral action (Dani et al., 2007, Ferreira et al., 1978). FAAH is a ubiquitou
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Sometime ago we have described
2021-12-14
Sometime ago we have described diamino-1,3,5-triazines as histamine H4R ligands,12, 13 and aryl derivatives of the 1,3,5-triazine, which attenuated inflammatory and nociceptive response in vivo in the rodent models of inflammation induced by BI-847325 and zymosan. In this work we describe new deriv
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